METHODS OF STRUCTURING ACCOUNTING POLICIES IN INFLATION CONDITIONS: REPORTING ADJU
Abstract
The article is devoted to the justification of methodological approaches to the formation of accounting policies aimed at minimizing inflationary risks in the sectoral context of the Ukrainian economy, in conditions of economic instability caused by martial law, the energy crisis and disruption of global supply chains. The study is based on the requirements of the international standard IAS 29 «Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Environments», the principles of risk-based management, digitalization trends and the challenges of the modern inflationary environment. The state of inflationary pressure in Ukraine for 2022–2024 is analyzed, which does not reach the hyperinflationary threshold, but requires the preventive application of IAS 29 for large enterprises with international operations and the adaptation of accounting policies for small and medium-sized businesses. The article examines the methods of revaluation of assets and liabilities in accordance with IAS 29, in particular the classification of monetary and non-monetary items, algorithms for their recalculation according to the NBU consumer price index and accounting for profit / loss from the net monetary position. Particular attention is paid to inflation risk hedging instruments under IFRS 9, including futures and forwards, taking into account restrictions for SMEs due to the complexity of documentation and transaction costs. The impact of IAS 29 on the valuation of basic hedging elements is described, which creates inefficiency due to the difference with the valuation of derivatives under IFRS 9. Approaches to forecasting based on official NBU indices are proposed for building budgeting scenarios (pessimistic, basic, optimistic), which contributes to the optimization of cash flows and cost. The Value at Risk (VaR) methodology is used to assess potential losses from inflationary fluctuations, taking into account industry specifics (trade, industry). Digital transformation through ERP systems (SAP, Oracle, BAS Accounting) and AI tools (Datarails) provides automation of recalculations and forecasting, increasing the accuracy and efficiency of management decisions.
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