«GREEN» TRANSITION OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: THE EXPERIENCE OF DENMARK AND POLAND
Abstract
The rapid and successful post-war recovery of many Western European countries after the end of World War II contributed to the development of their industry and agriculture, the increase in production potential, and significant investments in infrastructure. However, rapid economic development over time exacerbated a number of environmental problems and made the issue of energy security of countries more relevant. In the context of global climate change, the study and implementation of successful cases of the «green» transition is of particular importance. The article examines the features of the "green" transition of European countries using the experience of Denmark and Poland since 1990. It is stated that over the course of three decades, the Danish electricity generation system has undergone a striking transformation. It is determined that important factors in the development of wind energy in Denmark were political and socio-economic conditions, the development of local wind energy cooperatives, and legislative reform. The study of the Polish experience allowed us to conclude that renewable energy has gained importance as a result of transformations in the state sphere, including the adoption of political documents and legal decisions that guide pro-ecological development. After Poland joined the EU, as a result of the adoption of provisions, among others, on climate policy, the importance of renewable energy sources has increased. It is emphasized that wind energy is one of the main pillars of renewable energy in Poland. Numerous measures are being taken to diversify energy supply, especially natural gas and crude oil. Taking into account the specifics of the Polish context, attempts are being made to implement a coal-gas fuel and energy economy. It is emphasized that two new directions and industries that will be built in Poland will be nuclear power plants and offshore wind energy. The prospect of further research is to find the most effective ways to implement the European experience of the green transition into domestic practice, taking into account the challenges of the Ukrainian context.
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Kaczorowski, P.; & Gajewski, P. (2008). Górnictwo w˛egla kamiennego w Polsce w okresietransformacji. Acta Univ. Lodz. Folia Oeconomica. Pp. 201–227.
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Mikulska, A. (2022). How Much Gas Is Enough?: Energy Security and Natural Gas Infrastructure in the Baltic Sea Region. In The Future of Energy Consumption, Security and Natural Gas. Liuhto. K., Ed. Palgrave Macmillan: Cham. Switzerland.
